PHA333 - Pharmaceutical Analysis

Outline info
Semester
School
Last revision date 2023-10-02 00:56:37.356
Last review date 2023-12-04 00:15:12.495


Subject Title
Pharmaceutical Analysis

Subject Description
This is a one-semester laboratory oriented subject intended to introduce students to the world of pharmaceutical analysis.  Selected physical and chemical laboratory techniques used in the control of raw materials and finished dosage forms are emphasized, especially USP and BP methods.  Students should be aware that this course does not attempt to teach basic science but instead encourages students to apply their previously acquired knowledge, especially of chemistry and mathematics, in the pharmaceutical laboratory.

Credit Status
One credit towards the Chemical Laboratory Technology (Pharmaceutical) diploma

Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this subject the student will be able to:

  1. Successfully navigate and interpret United States Pharmacopeia (USP) methods and acceptance criteria.
  2. Successfully conduct laboratory exercises emphasizing the analysis of pharmaceutical raw materials, in-process tests and finished product tests.
  3. Follow Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) within the pharmaceutical laboratory.
  4. Comply with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations, as they relate to laboratory data acquisition, record keeping and good documentation practices in the quality control and stability labs.
  5. Write Certificate of Analysis (C of A), long term stability protocols and reports for drug substances and finished products.
  6. Demonstrate that they can completely and correctly solve pharmaceutical calculations such as % purity and % label claim.
  7. Demonstrate use of chemical and pharmaceutical software/firmware such ChemStation UV-Vis software and VanKel Dissolution apparatus firmware.
  8. Understand ICH stability testing guidelines and how to manage a stability program

Essential Employability Skills

    •  Communicate clearly, concisely and correctly in the written, spoken and visual form that fulfils the purpose and meets the needs of the audience.

    •  Respond to written, spoken, or visual messages in a manner that ensures effective communication.

    •  Execute mathematical operations accurately.

    •  Apply a systematic approach to solve problems.

    •  Use a variety of thinking skills to anticipate and solve problems.

    •  Locate, select, organize, and document information using appropriate technology and information systems.

    •  Analyze, evaluate, and apply relevant information from a variety of sources.

    •  Interact with others in groups or teams in ways that contribute to effective working relationships and the achievement of goals.

    •  Manage the use of time and other resources to complete projects.

    •  Take responsibility for one's own actions, decisions, and consequences.

Academic Integrity
Seneca upholds a learning community that values academic integrity, honesty, fairness, trust, respect, responsibility and courage. These values enhance Seneca's commitment to deliver high-quality education and teaching excellence, while supporting a positive learning environment. Ensure that you are aware of Seneca's Academic Integrity Policy which can be found at: http://www.senecapolytechnic.ca/about/policies/academic-integrity-policy.html Review section 2 of the policy for details regarding approaches to supporting integrity. Section 2.3 and Appendix B of the policy describe various sanctions that can be applied, if there is suspected academic misconduct (e.g., contract cheating, cheating, falsification, impersonation or plagiarism).

Please visit the Academic Integrity website http://open2.senecac.on.ca/sites/academic-integrity/for-students to understand and learn more about how to prepare and submit work so that it supports academic integrity, and to avoid academic misconduct.

Discrimination/Harassment
All students and employees have the right to study and work in an environment that is free from discrimination and/or harassment. Language or activities that defeat this objective violate the College Policy on Discrimination/Harassment and shall not be tolerated. Information and assistance are available from the Student Conduct Office at student.conduct@senecapolytechnic.ca.

Accommodation for Students with Disabilities
The College will provide reasonable accommodation to students with disabilities in order to promote academic success. If you require accommodation, contact the Counselling and Accessibility Services Office at ext. 22900 to initiate the process for documenting, assessing and implementing your individual accommodation needs.

Camera Use and Recordings - Synchronous (Live) Classes
Synchronous (live) classes may be delivered in person, in a Flexible Learning space, or online through a Seneca web conferencing platform such as MS Teams or Zoom. Flexible Learning spaces are equipped with cameras, microphones, monitors and speakers that capture and stream instructor and student interactions, providing an in-person experience for students choosing to study online.

Students joining a live class online may be required to have a working camera in order to participate, or for certain activities (e.g. group work, assessments), and high-speed broadband access (e.g. Cable, DSL) is highly recommended. In the event students encounter circumstances that impact their ability to join the platform with their camera on, they should reach out to the professor to discuss. Live classes may be recorded and made available to students to support access to course content and promote student learning and success.

By attending live classes, students are consenting to the collection and use of their personal information for the purposes of administering the class and associated coursework. To learn more about Seneca's privacy practices, visit Privacy Notice.

Prerequisite(s)
CHM 273, MTH 273

Topic Outline
 

LECTURE TOPIC # LECTURE TOPIC TITLE AND DESCRIPTION
1 Introduction to the Subject Outline
Overview of the Pharmaceutical Industry
2 Brand vs generic pharmaceutical companies: Are generic drug products equivalent?
The USP-NF: Navigating and interpreting the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) requirements
3 Quality Control (QC) Release Testing
Interpretation of the USP requirements for drug substance identification (ID) tests:
Calcium carbonate raw material (rm used as a nutritional supplement). Colorimetry
Sodium chloride raw material (rm used in IV fluids, ionic solutions and tablets). Colorimetry
Aspirin drug substance (ds used as an analgesic and non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug). Colorimetry
Infrared identification test for Aspirin drug substance (also known as acetyl salicylic acid or ASA). IR spectrophotometry
 
4 Interpretation of the USP requirements for USP Limit test for free salicylic acid (FSA or SA) in Aspirin drug substance. Colorimetry
 
5 Interpretation of the USP requirements for Assay tests:
Purity determination of Acetaminophen drug substance (UV spectrometry)
Purity determination of of Naproxen drug substance (Titration)
 
6 Drug discovery, submission and approval processes
Sources of New Chemical Entities
Pre-clinical studies: E.g., physical and chemical properties of drug candidates. Screening drug candidates for biological properties.
Regulatory requirements: IND/ CTA submissions
Clinical Studies: E.g., Phases 1, 2, 3
Bioavailability/ Bioequivalence studies
Quality Control of Drugs: E.g., Laboratory testing and controls, Use of Certificates of Analysis (C of A) in product release
Regulatory requirements: NDA/ NDS submissions/ Notice of Compliance/ Deficiency Letters
7 Midterm test
8 In-process tablet tests: Friability, Disintegration, Hardness, Weight & Size Uniformity
9 Immediate-release tablet Dissolution Tests: Interpretation of USP monograph & General Chapters <711> tests & acceptance criteria.
10 Delayed-release tablet Dissolution Tests: Interpretation of USP monograph & General Chapters <711> tests & acceptance criteria.
11 ICH Stability requirements for drug products;
Purpose of stability studies & storage conditions
Interpretation of data from Long Term Studies/ Intermediate Studies/ Accelerated Studies
Setting Shelf-Life and Expiry Date
12 Dealing with stability lab deviations, out-of-trend (OOT), and out-of-Specification (OOS) results
GMP regulations
 
Part A : A virtual look at Release Testing of active pharmaceutical ingredients or drug substances
 
1. Identification:
Chemical identification tests (Colorimetry) for the following raw materials and drug substances: Calcium Carbonate (used as a nutritional supplement), Sodium Chloride (used in IV fluids, ionic solutions and tablets) and Aspirin (analgesic properties)
Infrared identification test for Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) drug substance
                                 
2. Limit:
USP Limit test for free salicylic acid in Aspirin (Colorimetry)
 
3. Assay:
% Purity determination of Acetaminophen drug substance (UV spectrometry)
Purity determination of of Naproxen drug substance (Titration)
 
Lab practicals
Part B: In-Process testing (Pharmaceutical physical testing Methods)
weight uniformity
size uniformity
friability
hardness
disintegration
 
Part C: Comparison Testing of Brand and Generic Finished Products for Equivalency
Dissolution profile for Sodium Salicylate Immediate-Release Tablets Dissolution Testing Methods)
 
Part D: Release Testing of Finished Products
USP Dissolution tests on Sodium Salicylate Immediate-Release Tablets Dissolution Testing Methods)
USP Dissolution tests on Aspirin Delayed-Release Tablets Dissolution Testing Methods)

Mode of Instruction
Online and Laboratory

Prescribed Texts
Required Laboratory Text:
Henry, Courtney.  Introductory Pharmaceutical Testing Methods by Courtney Henry Ph.D. [Posted under ‘Course Information’ on Blackboard].
 
Recommended Lecture Text:
Lecture notes will be provided during Blackboard Collaborate Ultra (on-line) lectures and posted under on “Course Documents” on Blackboard.

Reference Material

  1. Latest United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF and Supplement)
  2. United States Pharmacopeia Drug Information
  3. ICH quality guidelines: http://www.ich.org/products/guidelines/quality/article/quality-guidelines.html
  4. FDA web site: http://www.fda.gov/
  5. GMPs website: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/compli-conform/gmp-bpf/docs/gui-0001-eng.php#stability
  6. cGMPs website: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=211

Required Supplies
Personal protective equipment: Students must supply their own masks. Face shields are optional.
Laboratory Coat (available in the Seneca@York bookstore)
Lab Equipment Kit (available in the Seneca@York bookstore)

Student Progression and Promotion Policy

http://www.senecapolytechnic.ca/about/policies/student-progression-and-promotion-policy.html

Grading Policyhttp://www.senecapolytechnic.ca/about/policies/grading-policy.html

A+ 90%  to  100%
A 80%  to  89%
B+ 75%  to  79%
B 70%  to  74%
C+ 65%  to  69%
C 60%  to  64%
D+ 55%  to  59%
D 50%  to  54%
F 0%    to  49% (Not a Pass)
OR
EXC Excellent
SAT Satisfactory
UNSAT Unsatisfactory

For further information, see a copy of the Academic Policy, available online (http://www.senecapolytechnic.ca/about/policies/academics-and-student-services.html) or at Seneca's Registrar's Offices (https://www.senecapolytechnic.ca/registrar.html. (https://www.senecapolytechnic.ca/registrar.html.


Modes of Evaluation

Test/Exam: % Format
1 Midterm test 30%           essay type, multiple choice and calculations
1 Final examination   40%           essay type, multiple choice and calculations
 
Laboratory work           10% data documentation based on GMP requirements
Laboratory based assignments 20%           questions based on the USP,
professionalism in the lab and demonstration of lab-based skill (e.g., ability to use pharmaceutical/ chemical industry type bulb pipette)
Students must receive a passing grade (>or= 50%) in the combined midterm test and final examination to obtain an overall pass in the course.

Approved by: Paola Battiston